ABSTRACT
Male reproductive infections are known to shape the immunological homeostasis of the testes, leading to male infertility. However, the specific pathogenesis of these changes remains poorly understood. Exosomes released in the inflammatory microenvironment are important in communication between the local microenvironment and recipient cells. Here, we aim to identify the immunomodulatory properties of inflammatory testes-derived exosomes (IT-exos) and explore their underlying mechanisms in orchitis. IT-exos were isolated using a uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced orchitis model and confirmed that IT-exos promoted proinflammatory M1 activation with increasing expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. We further used small RNA sequencing to identify the differential miRNA profiles in exosomes and primary testicular macrophages (TMs) from normal and UPEC-infected testes, respectively, and identified that miR-155-5p was highly enriched in IT-exos and TMs from inflammatory testes. Further study of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) transfected with miR-155-5p mimic showed that macrophages polarized to proinflammatory phenotype. In addition, the mice that were administrated IT-exos showed remarkable activation of TM1-like macrophages; however, IT-exos with silencing miR-155-5p showed a decrease in proinflammatory responses. Overall, we demonstrate that miR-155-5p delivered by IT-exos plays an important role in the activation of TM1 in UPEC-induced orchitis. Our study provides a new perspective on the immunological mechanisms underlying inflammation-related male infertility.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Mice , Animals , Orchitis , Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/metabolism , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Exosomes/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Phenotype , Infertility, Male/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective To analyze serum vitamin D level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to provide evidence for the intervention.Methods A total of 270 blood samples from patients with T2DM by multi -stage random sampling in 1 0 streets/towns in Lishui City were collected to test 25 -hydroxyvitamin D level by high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry.Results The average level of 270 case of T2DM patients '25 -hydroxyvitamin D was (22.97 ±8.07)ng/mL.Gender,household registration,BMI stage and 25 -hydroxyvitamin D level were statistically significant,respectively (Z =4.1 3,P <0.05),(Z =2.44,P <0.05),(F =3.21 ,P <0.05).By multiple linear regression analysis,we found that gender,household registration and length of outdoor exercise time was related to vitamin D level,the B value were -5.1 78,2.369,and 2.026,respectively(P <0.05).Conclusion T2DM patients had lower level vitamin D in their blood.Vitamin D had negative correlation with gender,household registration, and outdoor exercise time.T2DMpatients’vitamin D monitoring and outdoor activities should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective TolearnthehealthstatusofemptynesterswithdiabetesinthemountainssouthwestofZhejiangand toexploretheinfluencingfactors.Methods Usingthemethodofstratified-random-clustersampling,78emptynesters with diabetes and 1 56 non -empty nesters with diabetes who come from five streets and 1 0 towns of 30 community (or village)were selected and investigated by questionnaire and physical examination were conducted.Univariate analysis were conducted to compare the differences about lifestyle,biochemical indicators and health status between the two groups and multivariateunconditionallogisticregressionanalysiswereconductedtoanalyzetheinfluencingfactors.Results The prevalence of hypertension of empty nest group was 70.51%,and the prevalence of hypertension of non-empty nest group was 58.97%.Fasting blood glucose level of empty nest group was 9.39 ±5.73 mmol/L,higher than that of the non-empty nest group(P<0.05 ).There was significant difference between the two groups in other indicators,such as drinking rate,high -salt diet rate,obesity rate,triglyceride levels,regular exercise rate,vegetables/fruits ≥4 days/week proportion,fish/meat≥4 days/week,awareness of their own blood pressure and blood sugar awareness (P<0.05).After adjustment for age,the obesity rate,abnormal rate of triglycerides,fish/meat(≥4 days/week)intake,regular exercise rate,blood pressure and blood sugar awareness rate were lower among non-empty nesters with diabetes,and overweight rate,systolic blood pressure abnormal rate,fasting glucose ratio,alcohol and high salt diet were higher in empty nest group patientswithdiabetes.Conclusion Emptynesterswithdiabeteshavearelativelyhighproportionoflackofexercise, inadequate nutrition intake,alcohol consumption,high-salt diet and lack of health knowledge and other unhealthy factors. The community health services and individual guidance for the empty nesters should be strengthened to improve the health status of empty nesters with diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Human sperm DNA is an important genetic and epigenetic material, whose chromatin structure differs from that of somatic cells. As such, conventional methods for DNA extraction of somatic cells may not be suitable for obtaining sperm DNA. In this study, we evaluated and compared three sperm DNA extraction techniques, namely, modified guanidinium thiocyanate method (method A), traditional phenol-chloroform method (method B), and TianGen kit method (method C). Spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis analyses showed that method A produced DNA with higher quantity and purity than those of methods B and C (P<0.01). PCR results revealed that method A was more reliable in amplifying DEAD-box polypeptide 4 (DDX4) and copy number variations (CNVs) than methods B and C, which generated false-positive errors. The results of sperm DNA methylation assay further indicated that methods A and B were effective, and the former yielded higher quantitative accuracy. In conclusion, the modified guanidinium thiocyanate method provided high quality and reliable results and could be an optimal technique for extracting sperm DNA for methylation assay.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , DNA , Metabolism , DNA Methylation , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Spermatozoa , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in mountainous countryside residents in order to provide relevant intervention measures.Methods 80 new cases of T2DM were selected from pingyuan community in Liandu District of Lishui City as case group,and 1 60 normal people were selected as control group at the same time and places,in which the 1∶2 matched design of case -control study method was used.Conditional Logistic regression analysis was applied in this study.Results The multiple conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that primary family history,history of hypertension,abdominal obesity were the risk factors of T2DM(OR=2.08,1.55 and 2.78 respectively);while education level,exercise and fish intake were the protective factors(OR=0.74,0.59 and 0.32 respectively).Conclusion T2DM is the result of both genetic factors and environmental factors.Moreover,health education,balanced diet and proper physical exercise should be encouraged among residents to prevent T2DM in mountainous countryside.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical curative effect of reconstruction of finger pulp defect by anastomosis of reversed fasciocutaneous island flap with dorsal branch of the digital nerve of the same finger.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The restoration of finger pulp defect with fasciocutaneous island flap from the same finger was conducted in 25 cases (30 fingers) from January 2002 to June 2003. Nine patients (11 fingers) whose flaps with dorsal branch of the digital nerve anastomosed with the digital inherent nerve around the surface of the wound were Group A and the others were Group B. The follow-up was carried out at 3 and 9 months after the operation to observe the shape of finger pulp and the sense restoration between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All flaps of 25 cases (30 fingers) survived. Three months after operation, the patients had fully grown finger pulps and recovered the superficial sensation and tactile sense of finger pulps. The two point discrimination on average was 5.00 mm+/-0.23 mm in Group A and 6.00 mm+/-0.30 mm in Group B. The difference between two groups was highly significant. Nine months later, their senses of finger pulps between two groups were recovered basically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reversed fasciocutaneous island flap from the same finger is the first choice to reconstruct the finger pulp defect, and the anastomosis of dorsal branch of the digital nerve shall be determined according to the specific condition.</p>